Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a specific type of depression that occurs during certain seasons. Most typically, SAD occurs in the late fall and early winter months but some people do experience spring-onset SAD. SAD typically begins in young adulthood and occurs more often in women than in those of other genders.

What causes Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Researchers are still exploring the exact causes of SAD but since most cases typically occur in the fall and winter months, it is thought that the shorter days with less sunlight can set off a change in the brain that leads to symptoms of depression. Some research has also explored a link to melatonin, a sleep related hormone. The body naturally produces melatonin when it is dark outside so when the days are darker and shorter more melatonin is made and may contribute to some symptoms of SAD, such as increased sleep. Other research suggests that the lack of sunlight can decrease serotonin levels in some people and in turn increase depressive symptoms. Since SAD is more common in the fall and winter months, those who live further north, in places like Illinois, are more likely to develop the condition due to more intense seasonal changes. Genetic factors as well as social and routine changes that come with the winter months are also thought to play a role in the development of SAD.

What are some common symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Those who have SAD may experience some or all of these symptoms:

• Increased sleep and/or daytime drowsiness or decreased sleep/insomnia in those with spring-onset SAD
• Excessive tiredness/fatigue
• Loss of interest and pleasure in activities formerly enjoyed
• Changes in appetite
• Social withdrawal
• Difficulties with focus
• Anxiety and increased sensitivity to rejection
• Irritability

It is important to note that these symptoms tend to arise and improve around the same times/seasons every year in those who have SAD rather than staying persistent throughout the year.

How can one improve Seasonal Affective Disorder?

• Exposure to Light – This can look like spending time outside or near windows on days when there is more sunlight. On days where there is limited natural light or it is not possible to be outside/near a window, utilizing a therapy light for a period of time each day may help.
• Therapy – Psychotherapy can provide a space for you to voice your concerns and gain tools to better manage depressive and anxious symptomatology.
• Antidepressants – Certain medications, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may help reduce symptoms of SAD, but make sure to consult with your doctor to determine if medication is right for you.
• Exercise/Movement – Moving your body each day can help reduce stress and anxiety which may elevate symptoms of SAD.
  Socialization – Spending time with friends and family doing things you love can help boost your mood and improve symptoms of SAD.

Feeling Better is Possible!

Remember, feeling better can take time, and small changes each day can lead to an improvement over time. Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder can be difficult, but know that help is possible. Consider reaching out to any one of the caring clinicians here at Optimum Joy today!